On This Day (February 25)

[MSFixR]

1570 – Pope Pius V issued the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis to excommunicate Queen Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England.
1723 - Sir Christopher Wren, English architect died. (b. 1632) (English designer, astronomer, geometer, and the greatest English architect of his time.)

Sir Christopher Wren

1836 – American inventor and industrialist Samuel Colt received a patent for a "revolving gun", later known as a revolver.
1841 - Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter, graphic artist and sculptor born. (d. 1919)

Girls at the Piano

1873 - Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor born. (d. 1921) (La Donna e Mobile from Rigoletto - Listen)
1956 – In his speech On the Personality Cult and its Consequences to the 20th Party Congress, Soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the personality cult and dictatorship of his predecessor Joseph Stalin.
1983 - Tennessee Williams, American playwright died. (b. 1911) (A Streetcar Named Desire, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Glass Menagerie)
1986 – Corazon Aquino was inaugurated as the first female President of the Philippines after Ferdinand Marcos fled the nation after twenty years of rule because of the People Power Revolution.
1992 – Nagorno-Karabakh War: Armenian armed forces killed over 600 ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojali in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan.
1999 - Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel laureate died. (b. 1912) (Seaborg was the principal or co-discoverer of ten elements: plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and Element 106, which was named seaborgium in his honor while he was still living.)

On This Day (February 24)

303 – Roman Emperor Diocletian's first "Edict against the Christians" was published, beginning the Diocletianic Persecution, the last and most severe episode of the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
1582 – Pope Gregory XIII issued the papal bull Inter gravissimas to promulgate the Gregorian calendar, a modification of the Julian calendar in use since 45 BC.
1607 - L'Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi, one of the first works recognized as an opera, premieres.
1803 – In their ruling in Marbury v. Madison, the U.S. Supreme Court established judicial review in the United States.
1810 - Henry Cavendish, English scientist died. (b. 1756) (Discovered hydrogen)
1848 – Amid a revolt, French King Louis-Philippe abdicated and escaped to England, leading to the creation of the French Second Republic.
1868 - The first parade to have floats is staged at Mardi Gras in New Orleans, Louisiana.
1946 – Colonel Juan Perón, founder of the political movement that became known as Peronism, was elected to his first term as President of Argentina.
1981 - Buckingham Palace announces the engagement of The Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer.

On This Day (February 23)

1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed from movable type.
1685 - Georg Friedrich Handel, German/British Baroque composer born. (d. 1759) (Messiah – Allelujah Chorus - Listen)

Georg Friedrich Handel

1743 - Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German-born banker born. (d. 1812)
1820 – British authorities arrested the conspirators of the Cato Street Conspiracy, an attempt to murder Prime Minister Lord Liverpool (pictured) and all the British cabinet ministers.
1850 - César Ritz, Swiss hotelier born. (d. 1918)
1855 - Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist died. (b. 1777)
1903 – The Cuban-American Treaty was finalized, allowing the United States to perpetually lease Guantánamo Bay from Cuba for the purposes of operating coaling and naval stations.
1934 - Edward Elgar, English composer died. (b. 1857)

1944 - Leo Hendrik Baekeland, Flemish-American chemist and inventor of the first synthetic plastic, Bakelite died. (b. 1863)
1945 – American photographer Joe Rosenthal took the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II, an image that was later reproduced as the U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial.

1941 - Plutonium was first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.
1947 – The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was founded. It is responsible for worldwide industrial and commercial ISO standards.
2005 – The controversial French law on colonialism was passed, requiring lycée teachers to teach "the positive role" of French colonialism to their students.

[darko.]

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